For starters, you should speak to your doctor and find out what diabetic medical supplies are recommended and necessary. Since there are different types of this disease, not everyone requires the same equipment. Thus, it is important that you discover what is mandatory for your particular needs.

Secondly, there is often more than one type of product and brand in terms of diabetes medical supplies. For instance, insulin injections can be taken in the form of syringe, pen, or pump. Hence, sometimes what you use may not only be a matter of requirement, but also personal preference.

Finally, understanding why you need diabetic medical supplies, knowing how they work, and when you must use them, are all important factors in making sure you manage your disease effectively, so you can live and enjoy the best possible life.ИкониikoniПодаръциИдея за подаръкикониикони

Well browsing the web will bring hundreds of answers to you. Every link will boast of its own products and would assure you that their supplements are the best supplements in the market. Many get carried away with such promises and take excessive amount of hopes from such products. In the end when nothing goes right they feel depressed. Even the best medically approved supplement may be of no use to use. That’s why it is important to use products which are prescribed by your fitness trainer or doctor. If the products don’t work or show mere amount of results, tell them after a favorable period of time. If required they would change it with another supplement. The side effects of supplements can be black or discoloration of teeth. You need to go for teeth whitening.икони

Urine Glucose Test

The urine glucose test, which detects the presence of glucose in the urine, is no longer used to diagnose diabetes because blood glucose tests provide more accurate results. If routine urinalysis reveals glucose in a patient’s urine, she should have a blood glucose test to confirm a diagnosis of diabetes.

The use of urine glucose tests to monitor diabetes treatment has diminished because blood glucose monitors are so convenient, inexpensive, and accurate. These monitors give the precise level of glucose in the blood, whereas urine glucose tests merely detect the presence of glucose in urine. Because glucose appears in the urine of adults with healthy kidneys only when blood glucose levels rise above 180 mg/dl, a normal result from a urine glucose test tells the patient little: She may be hypoglycemic, euglycemic, or mildly to moderately hyperglycemic.

Urine Ketone Test

The urine ketone test, which detects ketones in the urine, aids in the diagnosis of DKA. Ketones are the end products of fat metabolism, which occurs when glucose isn’t available for cell use. When blood cells use fat for energy in place of glucose, fat metabolism is incomplete, and ketones accumulate in the patient’s blood. Ketones eventually spill over into the patient’s urine and can be detected by urinalysis. Ketones usually appear in the urine when blood glucose levels are consistently above 240 mg/dl.

If your patient has Type 1 diabetes, she’s prone to develop DKA. When she experiences acute illness or stress, when her blood glucose levels are consistently above 240 mg/dl, or when she has signs or symptoms of DKA (nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain), she should test her urine for ketones every 4 hours. A pregnant woman with diabetes should test her urine for ketones to monitor her diabetes control. If they’re present, her physician will change her treatment plan.

Urine Protein Test

The urine protein test detects the presence of protein (albumin) in the urine. Usually, small amounts of protein go undetected in routine urinalysis. When protein is detected, the cause may be renal impairment from diabetes. Or it may just be strenuous exercise, exposure to cold, or emotional stress.

When protein is detected in a patient with diabetes, urinalysis should be repeated. If the second test detects protein too, a 24-hour urine protein test should be done to determine the type of renal impairment. Protein levels of 150 mg in urine over 24 hours are normal. Levels higher than 150 mg indicate the need for further testing.

Diabetes can seriously impair kidney function and is one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease. Even if your patient has no protein in her urine when she’s diagnosed with diabetes, encourage her to have her urine monitored periodically. All postpubertal patients who’ve had diabetes for 5 years or more and all patients with Type 2 diabetes should have their urine tested for protein once a year. inaccurate test results, send the urine sample to the laboratory immediately. If this isn’t possible, refrigerate the sample until it’s transported.

If you’re using a dipstick or enzymatic tablet to test urine, carefully follow the manufacturer’s instructions. Recheck abnormal results.

When preparing your patient for a 24-hour urine collection, tell her to save all urine in the special container provided. She should keep the container refrigerated throughout the collection period. Instruct the patient not to contaminate the urine with toilet tissue, vaginal secretions, mucus, or fecal material. She should maintain a normal fluid intake because diluted urine may cause false normal results.

Nursing Considerations

Collecting urine for urinalysis requires no preparation on the part of the patient. However, you should obtain a history of recent drug use. Many drugs can alter the results of a routine urinalysis, to prevent.

Nursing considerations

If your patient uses insulin, she should have a glycosylated hemoglobin test every 3 months. For patients who don’t use insulin, the frequency of the test depends on their response to therapy, which is determined by fasting blood glucose levels.

Your patient needs no preparation before the test. If you’re collecting the specimen, perform a venipuncture and collect the blood in a 5-ml lavender-top tube. Make sure the tube fills completely. Then gently invert it several times to mix the blood and anticoagulant adequately. If hemolysis occurs, collect a new specimen.

If the glycosylated hemoglobin value is elevated but the patient reports normal blood glucose levels from her self-monitoring tests, perform a second glycosylated hemoglobin test to rule out collection or laboratory error. If the second test is consistent with the first, evaluate the patient’s self-monitoring technique and correct any errors. If the patient’s technique is correct, the problem may be that she’s reporting normal values even though her tests reveal elevated glucose levels. Try to make your patient comfortable enough to express any problems she’s encountering in trying to comply with her treatment plan, and emphasize the importance of blood glucose control in delaying the development of long-term complications.

Management of Foot Problems

Foot ulcers can lead to serious complications. If your patient has poor circulation, which impedes healing, she may develop ischemia or gangrene and may require amputation of her toes or foot. Meticulous foot care, along with tight blood glucose control and other measures, can help prevent these complications. In fact, up to 50% of amputations performed on patients with diabetes could be avoided with aggressive foot care.

If your patient has a foot ulcer and you suspect an infection, obtain a wound culture to check for bacteria. If she has an infection, the physician will prescribe an antibiotic. An infected wound may require incision, drainage, or debridement. If the physician suspects osteomyelitis, the patient will undergo tests, such as a nuclear bone scan.

Keep in mind that blood glucose levels usually climb in response to infection, increasing the patient’s insulin requirements. To promote wound healing, your patient should control her blood glucose levels to avoid hyperglycemia. If levels reach 200 mg/dl, macrophages and other white blood cells (WBCs) can’t fight the infection effectively. If your patient has an infected wound, be sure to monitor her for complications of severe hyperglycemia, such as DKA.

Drug Therapy

The physician may prescribe pentoxifylline to help ease your patient’s symptoms of intermittent claudication. This drug increases RBC flexibility and decreases blood viscosity, plasma fibrinogen, and platelet aggregation. This, in turn, improves blood flow and enhances tissue oxygenation. The physician may also prescribe platelet inhibitors, such as aspirin or ticlopidine, to help slow the progression of atherosclerosis.

Surgery

Several surgical options are available for treating peripheral vascular disease, including aortobifemoral bypass, axillofemoral or axillobifemoral bypass, and femoropopliteal bypass.

The procedure of choice depends on the location and severity of the patient’s arterial occlusion and on her overall medical condition. Before reconstructive surgery is performed, the physician will treat other medical problems that may interfere with healing, such as infection.

Bypass grafting is done with grafts made of Dacron, polytetrafluoroethylene, or other synthetic materials. Sometimes, one of the patient’s veins is used for the bypass. However, the vein that’s used must be free from disease. By restoring circulation to the affected limb through a bypass, the physician may be able to avoid or minimize amputation.

Bypass surgery is indicated for intermittent claudication only if the patient has unresponsive foot ulcers, infections, or gangrene or if the pain interferes with her occupation. If the occlusion is isolated, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the femoral, iliac, or popliteal artery may be performed. It may be used with laser angioplasty to open the artery and enhance blood flow.

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